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Education and depressive symptoms in 22 European countries

Olaf von dem Knesebeck¹, Elise Pattyn, Piet Bracke

¹Department of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. o.knesebeck@uke.uni-hamburg.de

International Journal of Public Health

|October 22, 2010

Abstract

Objectives:

Variations in the association between education and depressive symptoms in 22 European countries are investigated.

Methods:

Analyses are based on the European Social Survey Round 3 (N = 34,443). Education was coded according to the International Standard Classification of Education. Depressive symptoms are measured by the shortened Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 8).

Results:

The results of multiple logistic regressions show that people with low education have elevated risks of experiencing a high score of depressive symptoms. Relatively large inequalities were observed among both sexes for Hungary and Slovenia, small and non-significant inequalities for Austria, Denmark, and Estonia.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that educational inequalities in depressive symptoms are a generalized although not invariant phenomenon.

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