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Growth of Human and Sheep Corneal Endothelial Cell Layers on Biomaterial Membranes

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Published on: February 6, 2020

Effect of substrate composition and alignment on corneal cell phenotype.

Donna Phu¹, Lindsay S Wray, Robert V Warren

¹Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.

Tissue Engineering. Part A

|October 23, 2010

Summary

Engineered corneas using aligned collagen scaffolds show promise for treating corneal blindness. These scaffolds reduce light scattering and myofibroblast markers, offering a potential alternative to donor tissue.

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Published on: October 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Ophthalmology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Corneal blindness necessitates transplants, but donor tissue is scarce.
Tissue-engineered corneas offer a potential solution using patient cells and scaffolds.
Previous work developed electrospun collagen type I scaffolds mimicking corneal microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how scaffold nanostructure and composition affect corneal stromal cell phenotype.
To evaluate the suitability of collagen scaffolds for corneal tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

Culturing rabbit corneal fibroblasts on aligned and unaligned collagen type I fiber scaffolds (50-300 nm diameter).
Assessing α-smooth muscle actin expression as a marker for myofibroblast phenotype.
Evaluating optical properties of cell-matrix constructs using optical coherence microscopy.

Main Results:

Cells on collagen scaffolds showed reduced myofibroblast phenotype compared to tissue culture plates.
Aligned collagen scaffolds significantly downregulated α-smooth muscle actin expression more than unaligned scaffolds.
Cell-matrix constructs on aligned scaffolds exhibited reduced light scattering.

Conclusions:

Aligned collagen type I fibrous scaffolds are effective platforms for corneal tissue engineering.
Scaffold nanostructure influences corneal stromal cell phenotype and optical properties.
This approach could alleviate the need for donor corneal tissue.