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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Pervasive microstructural abnormalities in autism: a DTI study.

Wouter B Groen1, Jan K Buitelaar, Rutger J van der Gaag

  • 1Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, theNetherlands. w.groen@psy.umcn.nl

Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN
|October 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism is linked to reduced white matter integrity and increased interstitial space in the brain, particularly in adolescents. This finding suggests autism may be a connectivity disorder, impacting both grey and white matter.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with altered brain functional connectivity.
  • Decreased white matter integrity may accompany these connectivity changes in individuals with ASD.
  • Investigating white and grey matter integrity in adolescents with ASD is crucial due to its developmental nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine white and grey matter integrity in adolescents with high-functioning autism.
  • To identify the location and nature of microstructural differences in the brain.
  • To account for the influence of age on these brain differences.

Main Methods:

  • Structural T1 imaging for brain volumetrics.
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to assess white and grey matter integrity.
  • Analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in adolescents aged 12-18 with ASD and matched controls.

Main Results:

  • Increased mean diffusivity (MD) in both grey and white matter across the brain in the autism group, even after adjusting for age and IQ.
  • Higher kurtosis of white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) probability distribution in individuals with autism.
  • No significant volumetric differences in grey or white matter were detected.

Conclusions:

  • Autism is characterized by a generalized reduction in white matter integrity, indicated by increased interstitial space.
  • These widespread white matter abnormalities support the view of autism as a connectivity disorder.
  • Future research should consider larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs.