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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

Published on: February 24, 2018

A free radical-generating system regulates APP metabolism/processing.

María Recuero1, Teresa Muñoz, Jesús Aldudo

  • 1Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (U.A.M.-C.S.I.C.), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. mrecuero@cbm.uam.es

FEBS Letters
|October 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mild oxidative stress influences amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in neuroblastoma cells. This study shows oxidative stress regulates APP metabolism, affecting amyloid-beta (Aβ) production and secretion.

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Cellular Redox Profiling Using High-content Microscopy
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
08:57

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Published on: February 24, 2018

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
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Cellular Redox Profiling Using High-content Microscopy
11:37

Cellular Redox Profiling Using High-content Microscopy

Published on: May 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oxidative stress is linked to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and aging.
  • Previous work identified the X-XOD system as a modulator of lipid metabolism and apoptosis.
  • The amyloid precursor protein (APP) pathway is central to Alzheimer's disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of oxidative stress on amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism.
  • To determine how the X-XOD free radical generating system impacts APP processing pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the X-XOD free radical generating system in SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells.
  • Analyzed the secretion of soluble APP (sAPPα) and levels of APP carboxy-terminal fragments (αCTF, γCTF/AICD).
  • Assessed the activity of β-secretase and the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ).

Main Results:

  • X-XOD treatment promoted sAPPα secretion and increased αCTF and γCTF/AICD levels.
  • Conversely, X-XOD reduced β-secretase activity and amyloid-beta (Aβ) levels.
  • Mild oxidative stress modulated APP processing prior to inducing cell death.

Conclusions:

  • Mild oxidative stress can regulate APP metabolism and processing in neuronal cell models.
  • Findings suggest a complex interplay between oxidative stress and the APP pathway.
  • This provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.