Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Perinatal mAChR-mediated activation of cortical subplate neurons elicits network activity driving basket cell differentiation.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience·2026
Same author

Spiking neural networks provide accurate and time-efficient models for whisker stimulus classification of the awake mouse.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same author

Remote Magnetomechanical Neuromodulation Uncovers Therapeutic Mechanisms for Alleviating Parkinsonian Symptoms in Freely Moving Mice.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Open-source, low-cost miniaturized ultrasound transducer for neuromodulation in rodents.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

Cortical Single-Cell Primers of Abnormal Brain Activity in Parkinson's Disease.

Research (Washington, D.C.)·2025
Same author

Development of spontaneous and sensory evoked network activity in rodent cerebral cortex <i>in vivo</i>.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

Control of programmed cell death by distinct electrical activity patterns.

Antje Golbs1, Birgit Nimmervoll, Jyh-Jang Sun

  • 1Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|October 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

High-frequency neuronal activity promotes survival in developing cortical neurons by reducing apoptosis. This effect is mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathways.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila
13:21

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila

Published on: November 27, 2016

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
06:12

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

Published on: May 3, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila
13:21

In Vivo Biosensor Tracks Non-apoptotic Caspase Activity in Drosophila

Published on: November 27, 2016

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
06:12

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

Published on: May 3, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neuronal activity and survival factors are crucial for controlling apoptosis in the developing brain.
  • High-frequency neuronal activity is essential for immature neuron survival by releasing neurotrophins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how neuronal activity influences apoptosis in the developing cerebral cortex.
  • To identify specific activity patterns that promote neuronal survival.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured newborn mouse cortical neurons on multielectrode arrays.
  • Used a caspase-3-sensitive fluorescent protein for real-time apoptosis analysis.
  • Manipulated neuronal activity using elevated potassium, 4-aminopyridine, and Gabazine.

Main Results:

  • Increased extracellular potassium and specific drugs shifted activity towards high-frequency bursts.
  • High-frequency activity reduced or delayed caspase-3 activation, increasing neuronal survival.
  • The survival-promoting effect was dependent on phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced network activity can prevent apoptosis in developing cortical neurons.
  • High-frequency neuronal firing is a key mechanism for promoting neuronal survival during development.