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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers01:17

Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers

A species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Typically, individuals of the same species appear similar and share common characteristics due to their highly similar genomes. However, not all organisms that look alike are members of the same species. Various mechanisms keep most species discrete. While some mechanisms prevent reproductive behavior and fertilization (pre-zygotic isolation), others prevent the production of fertile offspring after mating has...
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.Allopatric SpeciationIn allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like...
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses
07:12

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Published on: June 30, 2023

Species selection maintains self-incompatibility.

Emma E Goldberg1, Joshua R Kohn, Russell Lande

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 West Taylor Street, M/C 067, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-incompatibility, a trait promoting outcrossing, significantly boosts species diversification rates in the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. This evolutionary advantage offsets the short-term benefits of self-fertilization, favoring obligate outcrossing.

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Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
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Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses

Published on: June 16, 2020

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: December 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses
07:12

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Published on: June 30, 2023

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
08:08

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses

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Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
05:39

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: December 2, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Speciation
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Understanding factors driving species diversity is a key goal in evolutionary biology.
  • Traits influencing speciation and extinction rates are difficult to detect, especially if they transition frequently.
  • Self-incompatibility, which enforces outcrossing in hermaphrodites, is often lost in flowering plants, facilitating self-fertilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of self-incompatibility on diversification rates within the Solanaceae family.
  • To determine if the loss of self-incompatibility influences species diversity.
  • To assess the long-term evolutionary consequences of self-fertilization versus obligate outcrossing.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of diversification rates across Solanaceae species.
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction to track the evolution of self-incompatibility.
  • Statistical modeling to correlate reproductive strategies with speciation and extinction rates.

Main Results:

  • Species within the Solanaceae family exhibiting functional self-incompatibility diversify at significantly higher rates.
  • The loss of self-incompatibility, leading to self-fertilization, does not confer a long-term diversification advantage.
  • Species selection strongly favors obligate outcrossing over self-fertilization in the long run.

Conclusions:

  • Functional self-incompatibility is a key trait promoting higher speciation rates in the Solanaceae.
  • The evolutionary trajectory favors outcrossing strategies, despite potential short-term benefits of self-fertilization.
  • Reproductive systems play a critical role in shaping macroevolutionary patterns of biodiversity.