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Chandipura virus encephalitis outbreak among children in Nagpur division, Maharashtra, 2007

Yogesh K Gurav1, Babasaheb V Tandale, Ramesh S Jadi

  • 1National Institute of Virology (ICMR), Pune, India.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|October 23, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Chandipura virus caused a severe acute encephalitis outbreak in children in Maharashtra, leading to a high fatality rate. This investigation confirmed the virus and identified its clinical features and potential transmission vectors.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • An outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) occurred in children in the Nagpur division of Maharashtra.
  • The investigation aimed to determine the cause and clinical characteristics of the AES outbreak.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the etiological agent responsible for the acute encephalitis syndrome outbreak.
  • To describe the clinical and epidemiological features of AES cases in children.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated AES cases in children under 15 hospitalized between June-September 2007.
  • Tested serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for IgM antibodies against Chandipura virus (CHPV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) using RT-PCR.
  • Conducted phylogenetic analysis of CHPV N gene sequences and tested sandflies for CHPV RNA.

Main Results:

  • 78 AES cases were recorded, with a case fatality ratio of 43.6%.
  • Chandipura virus (CHPV) was confirmed in 39 cases; CHPV RNA was detected in CSF and serum.
  • Clinical manifestations included fever, convulsions, altered sensorium, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea; CHPV RNA was found in sandflies.

Conclusions:

  • Chandipura virus was confirmed as the cause of the acute encephalitis outbreak.
  • The outbreak was characterized by high case-fatality rates among affected children.
Abstract

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