Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff frequency...
Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console01:17

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console

A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
The specifications for the pre-amplifier were clear. It needed to amplify the audio signal by a factor of 10, have an input impedance above 10...
Design Example01:23

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Remote microphone virtual sensing with nested microphone sub-arrays.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025
Same author

Dynamic neural network switching for active control of nonlinear systems.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025
Same author

The effect of head-tracking resolution on the stability and performance of a local active noise control headrest system.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025
Same author

Realisation of broadband two-dimensional nonreciprocal acoustics using an active acoustic metasurface.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2024
Same author

A multi-factor knuckle and nail bed verification tool for forensic imagery analysis.

Child abuse & neglect·2024
Same author

Controlling the effective surface mass density of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials using dynamic actuators.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
09:44

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

Minimally radiating sources for personal audio.

Stephen J Elliott1, Jordan Cheer, Harry Murfet

  • 1Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom. sje@isvr.soton.ac.uk

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|October 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study optimizes personal audio devices to reduce sound annoyance by minimizing noise elsewhere while maintaining user sound levels. A two-source array offers significant radiated sound power reduction and a good balance between noise reduction and power consumption.

More Related Videos

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
04:32

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

Published on: December 20, 2024

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection
09:18

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection

Published on: March 8, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
09:44

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
04:32

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

Published on: December 20, 2024

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection
09:18

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection

Published on: March 8, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics and Audio Engineering
  • Signal Processing
  • Personal Device Audio Optimization

Background:

  • Minimizing audio annoyance from personal devices requires localized sound at the user while reducing levels elsewhere.
  • The challenge involves minimizing radiated sound power across the far-field while maintaining user-position sound pressure levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically and experimentally investigate optimal array configurations for personal audio devices.
  • To determine the trade-off between radiated noise reduction and electrical power requirements for multi-element arrays.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of two and three-element arrays in balancing performance and power consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation of optimal two-source array directivity (hypercardioid).
  • Monopole simulations to analyze linear arrays for mobile phone applications.
  • Experimental validation using a small loudspeaker array under anechoic conditions.
  • Investigation of coupled enclosures for improved power efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The optimal two-source array achieves approximately 7 dB reduction in radiated sound power compared to a monopole.
  • Two and three-element arrays demonstrate a practical compromise between noise reduction and power demands.
  • Coupled enclosures for the two-source array further reduce electrical power needs.

Conclusions:

  • Hypercardioid directivity is optimal for minimizing radiated sound power in personal audio applications.
  • Multi-element arrays, particularly two and three-element configurations, offer effective solutions for noise reduction and power efficiency.
  • Practical implementation in coupled enclosures enhances the performance of two-source arrays.