Apoptosis signaling kinases: from stress response to health outcomes
Kohsuke Takeda1, Isao Naguro, Hideki Nishitoh
1Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strategic Approach to Drug Discovery and Development in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Center of Excellence Program and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. takeda@mol.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Abstract:
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process essential for the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Whereas caspases, a large family of intracellular cysteine proteases, play central roles in the execution of apoptosis, other proapoptotic and antiapoptotic regulators such as the members of the Bcl-2 family are also critically involved in the regulation of apoptosis. A large body of evidence has revealed that a number of protein kinases are among such regulators and regulate cellular sensitivity to various proapoptotic signals at multiple steps in apoptosis. However, recent progress in the analysis of these apoptosis signaling kinases demonstrates that they generally act as crucial regulators of diverse cellular responses to a wide variety of stressors, beyond their roles in apoptosis regulation. In this review, we have cataloged apoptosis signaling kinases involved in cellular stress responses on the basis of their ability to induce apoptosis and discuss their roles in stress responses with particular emphasis on health outcomes upon their dysregulation.
Insights
This review details apoptosis signaling kinases, crucial regulators of cellular stress responses and apoptosis. Dysregulation of these kinases impacts health outcomes, highlighting their broader physiological roles.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Apoptosis is a regulated process vital for multicellular organism development and homeostasis.
- Caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins are key regulators of apoptosis.
- Protein kinases also regulate apoptosis sensitivity and cellular stress responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To catalog apoptosis signaling kinases involved in cellular stress responses.
- To discuss the roles of these kinases in stress responses.
- To emphasize health outcomes associated with kinase dysregulation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of apoptosis signaling kinases.
- Analysis of kinase roles in diverse cellular stress responses.
- Focus on kinase-induced apoptosis and health implications.
Main Results:
- Apoptosis signaling kinases regulate diverse cellular responses beyond apoptosis.
- These kinases act at multiple steps in apoptosis pathways.
- Dysregulation of these kinases has significant health consequences.
Conclusions:
- Apoptosis signaling kinases are critical regulators of cellular stress responses.
- Understanding their roles is essential for addressing health outcomes.
- Further research into these kinases can reveal therapeutic targets.
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