Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma —...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pediatric Fatalities Associated With Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Medications.

Pediatrics·2021
Same author

Cardiovascular Complications of Opioid Use: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2021
Same author

Trends in adverse events and related health-care facility utilization from cough and cold medication exposures in children.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2020
Same author

Adverse Events Related to Accidental Unintentional Ingestions From Cough and Cold Medications in Children.

Pediatric emergency care·2020
Same author

Medication Errors From Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Medications in Children.

Academic pediatrics·2019
Same author

Adverse events associated with diphenhydramine in children, 2008-2015.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2019
Same journal

Acute lung injury and progressive pulmonary fibrosis following chlorotrifluoroethylene inhalation: insights from a case.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same journal

Suspected serotonin toxicity following combined nefopam and tramadol use in an older adult.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same journal

Serum benzylpenicillin levels during treatment for amatoxin poisoning: pharmacokinetic support for OATP1B3 inhibition.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same journal

Unlabeled kratom alkaloids detected in products marketed as kava.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same journal

Contemporary survey of United States poison center treatment recommendations for sodium channel blocking drug poisoning.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same journal

Safety of acetylcysteine: a scoping review of iatrogenic overdose cases and their associated complications.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS
10:13

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2024

Fentanyl in postmortem forensic toxicology.

Robert B Palmer1

  • 1Toxicology Associates, PLLC, Denver, CO 80210, USA. rpalmer@toxicologyassoc.com

Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|October 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postmortem fentanyl concentrations do not directly reflect antemortem levels due to drug distribution and pH changes. Careful evaluation of kinetic data and postmortem changes is crucial to avoid misinterpreting fentanyl-related deaths.

More Related Videos

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
06:06

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Published on: February 5, 2018

Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Gene Expression Analysis of Fos-expressing Neurons from Fresh and Frozen Rat Brain Tissue
08:37

Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Gene Expression Analysis of Fos-expressing Neurons from Fresh and Frozen Rat Brain Tissue

Published on: August 27, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS
10:13

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2024

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
06:06

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Published on: February 5, 2018

Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Gene Expression Analysis of Fos-expressing Neurons from Fresh and Frozen Rat Brain Tissue
08:37

Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Gene Expression Analysis of Fos-expressing Neurons from Fresh and Frozen Rat Brain Tissue

Published on: August 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Fentanyl is a potent opioid analgesic used in anesthesia and for severe pain management.
  • Transdermal fentanyl patches are increasingly used for chronic pain, but also contribute to drug abuse.
  • Medical examiners face challenges interpreting fentanyl levels in postmortem cases, distinguishing therapeutic use from overdose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review data relevant to interpreting postmortem fentanyl concentrations in blood and tissues.
  • To identify factors that aid or mislead the evaluation of fentanyl-related deaths.
  • To provide guidance for forensic analysis of fentanyl exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed database for fentanyl kinetics, chemistry, and postmortem behavior.
  • Inclusion of studies, case series, and case reports.
  • Utilized search terms such as "postmortem," "fentanyl," "kinetics," and "analysis."

Main Results:

  • Postmortem fentanyl behavior is significantly affected by postmortem pH changes and antemortem drug distribution.
  • Postmortem blood fentanyl concentrations do not directly correlate with antemortem blood concentrations.
  • Investigative information and postmortem changes must be considered alongside kinetic data.

Conclusions:

  • Misinterpretation of postmortem fentanyl results is likely without thorough evaluation of kinetic data and postmortem alterations.
  • Understanding fentanyl's postmortem distribution and pH-dependent behavior is critical for accurate forensic interpretation.
  • Accurate assessment requires integrating analytical findings with clinical and investigative context.