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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. In...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Nucleic acid reference materials (NARMs): definitions and issues.

Deborah A Payne1, Cyril D S Mamotte, David Gancberg

  • 1Molecular Services, American Pathology Partners-Unipath LLC, Denver, Colorado, USA. dpayne@unipathllc.com

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The rapid expansion of molecular diagnostic tests highlights the urgent need for standardized reference materials. This paper clarifies their definition, attributes, and applications to improve diagnostic accuracy and harmonization.

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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Area of Science:

  • Laboratory medicine
  • Molecular diagnostics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Molecular diagnostics is a rapidly advancing field within laboratory medicine.
  • The growth of clinical molecular tests has surpassed the development of essential reference methods and materials.
  • Reference materials are crucial for validating and interpreting diagnostic tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify the definition, attributes, and applications of reference materials in molecular diagnostics.
  • To address the lack of harmonization among international organizations involved in certifying reference materials.
  • To provide guidance on the appropriate use of reference materials for molecular diagnostic tests.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing definitions and applications of reference materials.
  • Analysis of the role of reference materials in the development and validation of molecular diagnostic assays.
  • Discussion of harmonization challenges and potential solutions for international standards.

Main Results:

  • Identified a critical gap between the proliferation of molecular tests and the availability of standardized reference materials.
  • Highlighted the importance of well-defined reference materials for ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and comparability of diagnostic results.
  • Underscored the need for international collaboration to establish consistent standards for reference materials.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized reference materials are essential for the robust development, validation, and clinical application of molecular diagnostic tests.
  • Harmonization efforts are necessary to ensure consistency and quality across global molecular diagnostic services.
  • Clear definitions and guidelines for reference materials will support the advancement and reliable implementation of molecular diagnostics.