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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs
11:21

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

Published on: September 10, 2017

TCR revision generates functional CD4+ T cells.

J Scott Hale1, Maramawit Wubeshet, Pamela J Fink

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|October 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

TCR revision rescues T cells, enabling them to respond to homeostatic signals and foreign antigens. These functional T cells recognize peptides in the context of self-MHC, benefiting the host immune system.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T cell biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Peripheral T cells encountering superantigens undergo deletion or TCR revision.
  • TCR revision involves Vβ5 downregulation and RAG-dependent TCRβ gene rearrangement.
  • The functionality of postrevision T cells in response to homeostatic and antigenic stimuli is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if postrevision T cells are functional and respond to homeostatic and antigenic stimuli.
  • To investigate the role of TCR revision in T cell tolerance induction.
  • To assess the host benefits of these rescued T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CD4(+)Vβ5(-)TCRβ(+) T cells in Vβ5 transgenic mice.
  • Assessment of homeostatic proliferation in situ and lymphopenia-induced proliferation.
  • Evaluation of T cell responses to superantigens, commensal bacterial antigens, and Listeria monocytogenes infection.

Main Results:

  • Postrevision T cells exhibit high homeostatic proliferation and significant lymphopenia-induced proliferation.
  • These cells do not proliferate to the tolerizing superantigen, indicating tolerance induction.
  • Postrevision T cells mount robust responses to commensal bacterial antigens and generate IFN-γ upon Listeria monocytogenes challenge.

Conclusions:

  • TCR revision generates functional T cells that are responsive to homeostatic signals.
  • Postrevision T cells recognize self- and foreign peptides presented by self-MHC, contributing to host immunity.
  • TCR revision serves as a crucial mechanism for T cell tolerance and maintaining a beneficial T cell repertoire.