Endoscopic submucosal dissection in gastric neoplasia - experience from a European center

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a promising technique for the resection of early gastric neoplasia. There are only a few data from the Western world to date.

Over a 7-year-period, 104 gastric lesions were treated with ESD in a European referral center, of which 91 were included in this study. A total of 66 lesions were early gastric cancer (EGC) and 25 were adenomas. Of the EGCs, 11 lesions (16.7 %) fulfilled the guideline criteria (EGC-GC) and 55 lesions (83.3 %) fulfilled the expanded resection criteria (EGC-EC) of the Japanese guidelines for the treatment of gastric cancer.

ESD was technically possible in 85 lesions (93.4 %). In six lesions ESD was not possible due to non-lifting. En bloc resection rates for all lesions, ECGs-GC, ECGs-EC, and adenomas were 87.1 %, 100 %, 88.2 %, and 79.2 %, respectively. R0 en bloc resection rates were 74.1 %, 90 %, 68.6 %, and 79.2 %, respectively. Complications were: one perforation during piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection of a lesion in which ESD was judged to be impossible (1.2 %); three clinically relevant bleedings (3.5 %); one gastric ischemia (1.2 %); and four strictures (4.7 %). No mortality was observed. There were five recurrences after piecemeal resection (50 %) compared with only one after en bloc resection (1.5 %; P < 0.05). The rate of recurrence for EGCs was 5.6 %, and this were seen exclusively after piecemeal resection.

Our data show that ESD is a feasible technique in Europe even in patients with EGC according to the extended criteria. Resection rates are promising and complication rates are acceptable. Results are worse compared with large studies from Japan but still excellent regarding the learning curve of the method. ESD should be offered as the treatment of choice for early gastric neoplasia especially when en bloc resection cannot be performed with other resection techniques.