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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

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Published on: December 4, 2020

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal urinary tract infections.

Brett H Heintz¹, Jenana Halilovic, Cinda L Christensen

¹Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California-San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. heintzb@pharmacy.ucsf.edu

Pharmacotherapy

|October 27, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) cause difficult-to-treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). Differentiating colonization from infection is key, with ampicillin often preferred for susceptible strains, while other agents are reserved for complex cases.

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Published on: April 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Clinical Microbiology
Pharmacology

Background:

Enterococci are a frequent cause of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs).
The increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) poses significant challenges due to limited treatment options and increased mortality.
Accurate differentiation between VRE urinary colonization, asymptomatic bacteriuria, and active UTIs is crucial for appropriate management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for VRE UTIs.
To summarize antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of VRE from urinary sources.
To propose evidence-based recommendations for the management of VRE UTIs.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search of PubMed-MEDLINE was performed.
English-language studies published between January 1975 and March 2010 were included.
Antimicrobials with potential activity against VRE UTIs were evaluated.

Main Results:

Ampicillin is recommended for ampicillin-susceptible enterococcal UTIs, including VRE.
Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and doxycycline are potential oral treatments for VRE cystitis.
Linezolid and daptomycin are reserved for severe or complicated VRE UTIs, particularly those with ampicillin resistance.

Conclusions:

Optimal management of VRE UTIs requires careful distinction between colonization and infection.
Treatment choices depend on VRE susceptibility patterns and infection severity.
Further clinical research is needed to refine optimal VRE UTI management and therapy duration.