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Individual differences in vulnerability for self-injurious behavior: studies using an animal model.

Amber M Muehlmann1, Jennifer A Wilkinson, Darragh P Devine

  • 1Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research
|October 27, 2010
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Summary

Vulnerability to self-injurious behavior (SIB) in neurodevelopmental disorders may be predicted by innate stress responsiveness. High responders to novelty stress showed increased SIB in an animal model, suggesting a link between stress reactivity and self-harm.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a common and debilitating symptom in various neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • The neurobiological underpinnings of SIB vulnerability remain largely unknown.
  • Individual differences in stress responsiveness may play a role in SIB development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate innate characteristics that predict vulnerability or resistance to SIB.
  • To examine the relationship between stress responsiveness and self-injurious behavior in an animal model.
  • To explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying SIB in neurodevelopmental contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of Long-Evans rats for behavioral responsiveness to novelty stress, categorizing them as high responders (HR) or low responders (LR).
  • Administration of pemoline, a monoamine agonist, to induce self-injury in HR and LR rats.
  • Quantification of self-injurious behavior, including time spent self-injuring, number of body sites injured, and tissue damage area.

Main Results:

  • All HR rats and a majority of LR rats exhibited pemoline-induced SIB.
  • HR rats demonstrated significantly more self-injury, including longer duration, more injured sites, and greater tissue damage compared to LR rats.
  • Behavioral responsiveness to novelty stress was positively correlated with all measures of self-injury, while other psychostimulant effects were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Innate stress responsiveness is a significant predictor of vulnerability to self-injurious behavior.
  • The high responder/low responder animal model provides a valuable tool for studying the neurobiology of SIB and related conditions like drug addiction.
  • These findings suggest that heightened stress reactivity may predispose individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders to self-harm.