Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

77.8K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
77.8K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

2.1K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
2.1K
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

1.6K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.6K
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

693
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
693
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

1.5K
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
1.5K
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

644
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
644

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electrocortical reactivity during self-referential processing in current and remitted depression.

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·2026
Same author

Spatial inhibition of return is impaired in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease.

PloS one·2021
Same author

Individual Differences in Cognitive Function in Older Adults Predicted by Neuronal Selectivity at Corresponding Brain Regions.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2017
Same author

Clinical Results and Survivorship of the GENESIS II Total Knee Arthroplasty at a Minimum of 15 Years.

The Journal of arthroplasty·2017
Same author

Physical Activity Is Associated with Reduced Implicit Learning but Enhanced Relational Memory and Executive Functioning in Young Adults.

PloS one·2016
Same author

Aging and the statistical learning of grammatical form classes.

Psychology and aging·2016
Same journal

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and outmigration of older Puerto Rican Medicare Fee-for-service beneficiaries, 2012-2019.

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences·2026
Same journal

Inflammatory biomarkers are associated with spatial navigation in older adults.

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences·2026
Same journal

Independent trajectories of cognitive function and daily events across nine years during midlife and old age.

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences·2026
Same journal

Are associations between relationship satisfaction, emotional intimacy, and successful sexual aging gender-specific?

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences·2026
Same journal

Bidirectional longitudinal associations of family/friend social support with cognitive function in late life.

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences·2026
Same journal

How Do Limited Familial Ties and Community Relationships Shape Health-Seeking in Older Adulthood? Evidence from Indonesia.

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.3K

Age differences in implicit learning of probabilistic unstructured sequences.

Jessica R Simon1, James H Howard, Darlene V Howard

  • 1Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA. jrs92@georgetown.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
|October 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy aging does not impair implicit probabilistic learning. However, young adults show greater learning gains with practice compared to older adults, suggesting age-related differences in learning consolidation.

More Related Videos

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
10:39

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

Published on: May 3, 2018

8.0K
Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

6.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.3K
The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
10:39

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

Published on: May 3, 2018

8.0K
Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

6.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Implicit probabilistic learning involves acquiring regularities without conscious intent or explicit knowledge.
  • Previous research on aging and implicit learning has yielded mixed results, potentially due to confounding motor or rule-learning deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether implicit probabilistic learning declines with healthy aging.
  • To differentiate age-related changes in implicit learning from motor or rule-learning abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the implicit Triplets Learning Task, modified to minimize motor sequencing and rule-based associations.
  • Participants (15 young, 15 old adults) responded to the final event in discrete 3-event sequences (triplets).
  • A subset of triplets appeared with high frequency, establishing non-rule-based associative regularities.

Main Results:

  • Both young and older adults demonstrated learning of associative regularities.
  • With increased practice, significant age differences emerged, favoring younger participants.
  • Learning gains were more pronounced in the young adult group over time.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit probabilistic learning itself does not appear to decline with healthy aging.
  • Emerging age differences suggest that practice-related consolidation or neural efficiency may be affected by aging.
  • Neural regions involved in learning consolidation might be differentially impacted by aging.