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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Age-related changes in recognition and response criterion.

Aurora G Suengas¹, Trinidad Ruiz Gallego-Largo, Teresa Simón

¹Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Madrid, Spain.

The Spanish Journal of Psychology

|October 28, 2010

Summary

Older adults show improved recognition discrimination for neutral and negative images compared to younger adults. Response criteria shift from conservative in youth to liberal in older age, especially with emotional stimuli.

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An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Aging Research

Background:

Recognition performance is generally stable across the lifespan.
Response criteria, however, tend to shift from conservative in youth to liberal in old age.
Aging impacts cognitive functions, including recognition memory and decision-making processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related changes in recognition discrimination and response criteria.
To compare young and older adults' performance on recognition tasks involving neutral images and emotional faces.
To analyze how aging affects the ability to discriminate and the tendency to respond liberally or conservatively.

Main Methods:

Two groups (young and older adults) performed two recognition tasks: one with neutral images and another with emotionally expressive faces.
Discrimination parameters (d' and recognition probability) and response criterion were analyzed.
Statistical analyses identified significant age differences in performance.

Main Results:

Older adults demonstrated superior discrimination abilities for neutral images and negatively valenced emotional faces compared to younger adults.
Younger participants consistently exhibited conservative response criteria.
Older adults showed liberal response criteria specifically for emotional faces, while maintaining optimal criteria for neutral images.

Conclusions:

Aging can enhance recognition discrimination, particularly for certain types of stimuli like neutral images and negative emotional faces.
Age-related shifts in response criteria are influenced by stimulus type, with older adults adopting more liberal criteria for emotional stimuli.
The findings offer insights into age-related cognitive changes and can be partially explained by Simulation Theory, considering task difficulty.