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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...

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Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
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Published on: November 6, 2014

Glucocorticoid receptors and bone.

Renato La Corte1, Francesco Trotta, Silvano Adami

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant’Anna, Italy. lcr@unife.it

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|October 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in bone cells regulate bone metabolism. Glucocorticoids (GCs) impact osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, influencing bone health through genomic and non-genomic effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Cell Biology

Background:

  • Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are present in all bone cells, mediating the effects of glucocorticoids (GCs).
  • Human GR exists as two main isoforms, hGRα (functional) and hGRβ (inhibitory), arising from alternative splicing.
  • GCs exert both genomic and non-genomic effects on bone cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of Glucocorticoid Receptors (GRs) in bone cell function.
  • To detail the molecular mechanisms underlying Glucocorticoid (GC) actions in osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes.
  • To explore the implications of GR signaling in bone homeostasis and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) structure, function, and gene expression.
  • Analysis of the impact of Glucocorticoids (GCs) on osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteocyte biology.
  • Examination of genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways involved in GC action in bone.

Main Results:

  • Osteoblasts are key targets, with GCs suppressing their maturation, activity, and survival.
  • GCs directly inhibit osteoclast activity and indirectly modulate it via osteoblasts.
  • High GC concentrations induce osteocyte apoptosis and may stimulate sclerostin secretion, impacting Wnt signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Glucocorticoid Receptors (GRs) play a critical role in regulating bone cell function and overall bone metabolism.
  • GCs exert complex effects on bone cells, leading to suppressed bone formation and increased bone resorption under certain conditions.
  • Understanding GR signaling is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for GC-induced bone loss and other bone disorders.