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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Tissue Determination Using the Animal Cap Transplant (ACT) Assay in Xenopus laevis
11:00

Tissue Determination Using the Animal Cap Transplant (ACT) Assay in Xenopus laevis

Published on: May 16, 2010

The secreted integrin ligand nephronectin is necessary for forelimb formation in Xenopus tropicalis

Anita Abu-Daya1, Satoko Nishimoto, Lynn Fairclough

  • 1Division of Developmental Biology, MRC-National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK.

Developmental Biology
|October 28, 2010
PubMed

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Integrins

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Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Activation of Integrins

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Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Adherens Junctions

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The endothelial cells...