Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Microsecond dynamics control the HIV-1 Envelope conformation.

Science advances·2024

Same author

Discovery and Characterization of a Pan-betacoronavirus S2-binding antibody.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Same author

Broadly neutralizing antibody induction by non-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike mRNA vaccination in nonhuman primates.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Same author

Vaccine induction of CD4-mimicking HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in macaques.

Cell·2024

Same author

Engineering immunogens that select for specific mutations in HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Same author

Engineered immunogens to elicit antibodies against conserved coronavirus epitopes.

Nature communications·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Is developing an HIV-1 vaccine possible?

Barton F Haynes¹, Hua-Xin Liao, Georgia D Tomaras

¹Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. hayne002@mc.duke.edu

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

|October 28, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Developing a preventive HIV-1 vaccine is increasingly possible, with new antibody therapies and trial successes offering hope. Further research into immunogens and mucosal immunity is crucial for future vaccine development.

More Related Videos

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Published on: August 21, 2019

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Published on: September 14, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Published on: August 21, 2019

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Published on: September 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Virology

Background:

Recent advancements in HIV-1 vaccine research offer renewed optimism.
Understanding HIV-1 pathogenesis and immune responses is critical for vaccine design.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent data suggesting the feasibility of a clinically useful preventive HIV-1 vaccine.
To outline remaining challenges in developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine.

Main Methods:

Review of passive protection studies using broadly neutralizing antibodies in nonhuman primates.
Analysis of recombinant antibody technology and single memory B cell culture for identifying new antibodies and targets.
Evaluation of the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial results.

Main Results:

Passive protection studies indicate lower doses of neutralizing antibodies may suffice for preventing HIV-1 infection.
New broadly neutralizing antibodies and vaccine targets have been identified using advanced antibody technologies.
The RV144 trial demonstrated 31% efficacy, providing evidence for the potential of a preventive HIV-1 vaccine.

Conclusions:

Recent findings provide significant hope for developing a clinically useful preventive HIV-1 vaccine.
Future efforts must focus on improved immunogen design and understanding correlates of protection.
Developing immunogens to induce mucosal antibodies is essential to prevent early HIV-1 infection stages and improve upon existing trial results.