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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

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Arrhythmias in children.

Kana Ram Jat¹, Rakesh Lodha, Sushil K Kabra

¹Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

|October 28, 2010

Summary

Pediatric arrhythmias, including tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia, require prompt classification and treatment based on hemodynamic stability. Management strategies range from vagal stimulation to advanced interventions like epinephrine and pacing.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Cardiology
Cardiac Electrophysiology

Background:

Arrhythmias in children present as tachyarrhythmia (fast rate), bradyarrhythmia (slow rate), or pulseless arrest.
Tachyarrhythmias are categorized as narrow-complex or wide-complex, each with distinct causes and implications.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the classification of pediatric arrhythmias.
To describe the therapeutic approaches for tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias based on clinical presentation and hemodynamic status.

Main Methods:

Classification of arrhythmias based on heart rate (tachyarrhythmia, bradyarrhythmia, pulseless arrest) and QRS duration (narrow vs. wide complex).
Discussion of therapeutic interventions including vagal stimulation, pharmacotherapy (epinephrine, isoproterenol, atropine), and electrical cardioversion/pacing.

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Main Results:

Therapeutic choices for tachyarrhythmias depend on hemodynamic stability and QRS complex width.
Emergency treatment for bradycardia (<60 bpm with poor perfusion) involves chest compressions and epinephrine, with atropine considered for specific causes like vagal stimulation or AV block.

Conclusions:

Effective management of pediatric arrhythmias hinges on accurate classification and timely, hemodynamically-guided interventions.
A systematic approach to pediatric tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.