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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Evaluation of MicroRNA Expression in Kidney and Serum of Mice with Age-Dependent Renal Impairment

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[Alterations in microRNA expression patterns in liver diseases].

Gábor Lendvai¹, András Kiss, Ilona Kovalszky

¹Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Patológiai Intézet Budapest Üllői út 93. 1091.

|October 29, 2010

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs regulating gene expression. Altered miRNA levels, like miR-122 in liver disease, show potential as sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for various liver conditions.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Evaluation of MicroRNA Expression in Kidney and Serum of Mice with Age-Dependent Renal Impairment

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Published on: April 29, 2022

MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues

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Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Published on: September 17, 2019

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Context:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression.
Dysregulation of miRNA expression is linked to various pathological conditions.
Liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122) plays a role in hepatocyte function.

Purpose:

To summarize major alterations in miRNA expression patterns in diverse liver diseases.
To highlight the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for liver pathologies.
To review the role of specific miRNAs, such as miR-122, in liver injury and disease progression.

Summary:

MicroRNA expression levels change significantly between normal and diseased states.
miR-122, a liver-characteristic miRNA, is downregulated in liver injury and cancer but elevated in plasma, serving as a sensitive biomarker.
Alterations in miRNA patterns are characteristic of drug- and alcohol-induced liver diseases, NAFLD, fibrosis, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Impact:

MicroRNAs offer promising, sensitive biomarkers for early and accurate diagnosis of liver diseases.
Understanding miRNA alterations can lead to novel therapeutic strategies for liver pathologies.
This review consolidates current knowledge on miRNA involvement in liver diseases, aiding future research and clinical applications.