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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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Ewing's Sarcoma and Second Malignancies.

Joshua D Schiffman1, Jennifer Wright

  • 1Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.

Sarcoma
|October 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Survivors of Ewing sarcoma (ES) face increased risks of developing second cancers. This study examines the types, frequencies, and causes of these subsequent malignancies in ES survivors.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cancer Epidemiology
  • Cancer Survivorship

Background:

  • Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare bone and soft tissue cancer predominantly affecting children and young adults.
  • Therapy for ES can lead to long-term adverse effects, including the development of secondary malignancies.
  • Understanding these late effects is crucial for improving the quality of life for ES survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and types of second cancers occurring after Ewing sarcoma treatment.
  • To analyze how changes in ES treatment protocols (e.g., reduced radiation, increased chemotherapy with alkylators and epipodophyllotoxins) have impacted second malignancy rates.
  • To compare the risk of secondary cancers in ES survivors with that of survivors of other childhood cancers and explore potential genetic predispositions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on frequencies and types of malignancies following ES.
  • Analysis of treatment evolution from high-dose radiation to chemotherapy regimens.
  • Comparative analysis of cancer risks between ES survivors and survivors of other pediatric cancers.
  • Discussion of genetic factors potentially contributing to ES and secondary cancers.

Main Results:

  • Late effects of ES therapy include a significant risk of developing secondary cancers.
  • Shifts in treatment protocols, particularly the use of certain chemotherapies, may influence the types and rates of subsequent malignancies.
  • ES survivors may have a different risk profile for second cancers compared to survivors of other childhood cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Ewing sarcoma survivors are at an elevated risk for developing second cancers.
  • Treatment modalities and potential genetic factors play a role in the development of these late-onset malignancies.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the risks and contributing factors for secondary cancers in ES survivors.