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Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
Time-Series Graph00:54

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct a time-series graph, one must look at both pieces of a paired data set. The horizontal axis is used to plot the time increments, and the vertical axis is used to plot the values of the variable that one is measuring. By using the axes in this way, each point on the graph will correspond to time and a measured quantity. The points on the graph...
Social Traps01:41

Social Traps

Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned more cows, the larger...
Basic Operations on Signals01:22

Basic Operations on Signals

Basic signal operations include time reversal, time scaling, time shifting, and amplitude transformations. These operations are fundamental in signal processing and analysis.
Time Reversal mirrors a continuous-time signal about the vertical axis at t=0. This is achieved by substituting t with −t. For example, if a signal x(t) is considered, the time-reversed signal is x(−t). This operation can be graphically represented, showing the mirrored signal.
Properties of DTFT I01:24

Properties of DTFT I

In signal processing, Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms (DTFTs) play a critical role in analyzing discrete-time signals in the frequency domain. Various properties of the DTFTs such as linearity, time-shifting, frequency-shifting, time reversal, conjugation, and time scaling help understand and manipulate these signals for different applications.
The linearity property of DTFTs is fundamental. If two discrete-time signals are multiplied by constants a and b respectively, and then combined to...
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Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Mapping temporal constructs: actions reveal that time is a place.

Lynden K Miles1, Ewa Betka, Louise F Pendry

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen, UK. lynden.miles@abdn.ac.uk

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|October 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temporal concepts are linked to spatial locations in human cognition. This study shows that processing past or future information influences hand movements, with movements shifting leftward for the past and rightward for the future.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Published on: February 19, 2018

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Published on: February 25, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Many languages use spatial metaphors for time (e.g., "the past is behind us").
  • Empirical evidence for these space-time mappings beyond language is limited.
  • Motor actions can reveal the integration of spatial and temporal information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the conceptual metaphor of time as space influences actual human movement.
  • To examine the dynamics of hand movements during a time-classification task.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a time-classification task.
  • Hand movement trajectories were recorded and analyzed.
  • The task involved processing information related to past and future events.

Main Results:

  • Hand movements were directed leftward when processing past information.
  • Hand movements were directed rightward when processing future information.
  • This spatial bias in movement correlated with temporal processing.

Conclusions:

  • Conceptual metaphors linking time and space are embodied in motor actions.
  • Spatiotemporal processing is grounded in the brain's sensory-motor systems.
  • These findings provide empirical support for the embodied cognition theory of abstract concepts.