Electric birefringence of dilute agarose solutions

The technique of transient electric birefringence was used to investigate the orientation of agarose solutions in pulsed electric fields. If the agarose was dissolved in deionized water, the sign of the birefringence was positive when the electric field was small, indicating that the agarose molecules were orienting parallel to the electric field lines. The decay of the birefringence was rapid, consistent with the orientation of individual agarose helices. The amplitude of the birefringence, but not the birefringence decay times, increased as the agarose solution aged, suggesting that the helices formed slowly from the sol state. Increasing the amplitude or duration of the pulsed electric field caused additional negative, and then positive, birefringence signals to appear, characterized by much slower rise and decay times, consistent with the formation of aggregates. The slowest decay times ranged from 7.5-9.0 s, suggesting that the aggregates were several microns in size. When agarose was dissolved in dilute Tris buffer instead of deionized water, the fast positive birefringence signal was not observed, suggesting that individual helices were not present in solutions containing dilute buffer.