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Genomic imprinting and cancer.

A C Ferguson-Smith1, W Reik, M A Surani

  • 1Department of Molecular Embryology, AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge.

Cancer Surveys
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Genomic imprinting, an epigenetic process, is crucial for mammalian development. Aberrant imprinting can lead to developmental issues and is implicated in certain human cancers, suggesting a role in cancer predisposition.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting establishes functional non-equivalence between parental chromosomes via epigenetic modification.
  • Imprinting is essential for normal mammalian development, with dosage alterations of parental chromosomes causing reciprocal phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role and mechanisms of genomic imprinting during embryogenesis.
  • To explore parallels between parental origin of chromosomal loss in human tumors and mouse developmental phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of developmental phenotypes in mice with altered parental chromosome dosage.
  • Examination of the parental origin of loss of heterozygosity in human tumors.

Main Results:

  • Maternal chromosome duplications inhibit embryonic growth, while paternal duplications enhance cell proliferation.
  • Alterations in parental chromosome dosage are observed in some human recessive tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic imprinting plays a significant role in embryogenesis and mammalian development.
  • Genomic imprinting is implicated in the genesis of certain tumors and the genetic predisposition to cancer.

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