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Hairy cell leukemia. Immunological study.

R Stela1, S Berceanu, N Munteanu

  • 1Clinic of Hematology Fundeni Hospital, Bucharest.

Haematologia
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) involves malignant cells with highly variable surface markers, potentially arising from a common progenitor of B, T, and large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lineages. This plasticity in hairy cells (HC) is a key characteristic of the disease.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare B-cell malignancy.
  • The immunophenotype of hairy cells (HC) can vary, complicating diagnosis and understanding of the disease.
  • Previous studies have indicated heterogeneity in cell surface marker expression in HCL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the variability of cell surface markers on malignant cells in HCL patients.
  • To explore the ability of hairy cells to bind labile surface membrane immunoglobulin G (smIgG).
  • To characterize a specific subset of hairy cells resembling large granular lymphocytes (LGL).

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood and splenic malignant cells from 16 HCL patients were analyzed.
  • Rosette techniques and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used for cell surface marker identification.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Affinity chromatography (SpA-Sepharose 6MB) and ES-rosette assay were employed to study labile smIgG binding.

    • Main Results:

    • Hairy cell surface marker expression (E receptors, T-cell antigens, HLA-DR, smIgG) varied based on organ, disease stage, and treatment.
    • The surface phenotype of hairy cells could change within the same patient during disease progression.
    • A subset of hairy cells (60-86%) exhibited a phenotype (T3+ T4+ T8+ T11+ IgG+ FcR+, HLA-DR+, EACD+) resembling LGLs, suggesting a hybrid cell type.

    Conclusions:

    • HCL is characterized by malignant cells with marked variability and plasticity in surface marker expression.
    • The findings suggest a potential common progenitor for B, T, and LGL lineages in HCL.
    • The immunological peculiarity of HCL lies in the high mobility and lability of surface membrane structures.