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Diffuse small bowel thickening in AIDS patient--a case report.

Rohit Singla¹, Samriti Hari, Surendra K Sharma

¹Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

BMC Infectious Diseases

|October 30, 2010

Summary

Cryptosporidium parvum infection can cause small bowel thickening in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Treatment leading to parasite clearance reversed this radiological finding.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Gastroenterology
Radiology

Background:

Diarrhea is a frequent complication in individuals with HIV/AIDS, often stemming from various enteric pathogens and opportunistic agents.
Distinguishing between infections with different pathogens can be challenging due to overlapping radiological findings.

Observation:

A 30-year-old female patient with AIDS presented with a four-month history of chronic diarrhea.
CT scans revealed diffuse small bowel thickening. Initial stool examinations were negative for parasites, leading to a misdiagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis.

Findings:

Subsequent stool analysis identified Cryptosporidium parvum infection.
The patient received an extended course of nitazoxanide, with parasite clearance confirmed after 10 weeks of treatment.
Radiological evidence of small bowel thickening resolved concurrently with parasitological clearance.

Implications:

Cryptosporidium parvum should be considered as a cause of small bowel thickening in AIDS patients.
Successful antiparasitic treatment can lead to the reversal of radiological abnormalities, such as bowel thickening.