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UV–Vis Spectrometers

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material, molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

UV–Vis Spectrum

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

Published on: December 22, 2015

High-throughput accurate-wavelength lens-based visible spectrometer.

Ronald E Bell¹, Filippo Scotti

¹Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA. rbell@pppl.gov

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|November 2, 2010

Summary

A new scanning visible spectrometer prototype enhances charge exchange recombination spectroscopy. It achieves high wavelength accuracy (≤0.005 Å) using precision optics and an automated calibration system.

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High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

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High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Published on: September 22, 2017

Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Plasma Physics
Optical Engineering

Background:

Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) is crucial for plasma diagnostics.
Fixed-wavelength spectrometers have limitations in spectral coverage.
A need exists for advanced spectrometers to complement existing CXRS methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To prototype a scanning visible spectrometer for CXRS.
To achieve high spectral resolution and wavelength accuracy.
To ensure persistent wavelength calibration under varying environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized fast f/1.8 200 mm commercial lenses and a large 2160 mm⁻¹ grating for high throughput.
Employed a stepping-motor controlled sine drive and precision rotary table for grating positioning.
Incorporated a high-resolution optical encoder for precise grating angle measurement (0.075 arc sec accuracy).

Main Results:

Achieved a wavelength error of ≤0.005 Å, demonstrating high precision.
Identified the importance of thermal expansion and air refractive index variations at this precision.
Developed an automated calibration procedure to determine spectrometer parameters accurately.

Conclusions:

The prototyped scanning visible spectrometer effectively complements fixed-wavelength systems for CXRS.
The system demonstrates the capability for precise wavelength measurements crucial for plasma diagnostics.
Automated calibration and environmental monitoring ensure reliable and persistent spectral measurements.