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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
07:51

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes

Published on: August 24, 2017

Backscatter measurements for NIF ignition targets (invited).

J D Moody1, P Datte, K Krauter

  • 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA. moody4@llnl.gov

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers measured backscattered light from laser-plasma instabilities in NIF hohlraum experiments. New time-resolved imaging improved accuracy for stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering diagnostics.

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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
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Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes

Published on: August 24, 2017

Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
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Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
11:34

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Laser-Plasma Interactions
  • Inertial Confinement Fusion

Background:

  • Laser-plasma instabilities are a key challenge in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) energy research.
  • Understanding light scattering is crucial for optimizing ICF target designs and performance.
  • Previous measurements lacked the temporal resolution needed for detailed analysis of scattering dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately measure backscattered light from laser-plasma instabilities in NIF hohlraum experiments.
  • To enhance diagnostic capabilities for quantifying stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS).
  • To introduce time-resolved imaging for detailed analysis of backscattered light.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a suite of detectors in early NIF hohlraum experiments.
  • Employed a full aperture backscatter system (FABS) to measure SBS.
  • Used a near backscatter imager (NBI) with newly added time-resolution to measure SRS and provide spatially and temporally resolved images.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a total backscattered power measurement accuracy of approximately 15% by combining FABS and NBI data.
  • Demonstrated the first temporally resolved spatial imaging of backscattered light using the NBI.
  • Obtained detailed "movies" of backscatter phenomena, offering new insights into scattering dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of time-resolved NBI significantly enhances the accuracy and analytical capability of backscatter measurements.
  • These improved diagnostics are vital for understanding and mitigating laser-plasma instabilities in ICF research.
  • The ability to visualize backscatter dynamics in time and space opens new avenues for experimental analysis and theoretical modeling.