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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

An upgraded x-ray spectroscopy diagnostic on MST.

D J Clayton1, A F Almagri, D R Burke

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. dclayton@pppl.gov

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

An upgraded X-ray spectroscopy diagnostic in MST measures fast electron distributions. This allows for the determination of effective charge (Zeff) and particle diffusion coefficients (D(r)), indicating improved plasma confinement.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Nuclear fusion diagnostics
  • X-ray spectroscopy

Background:

  • Understanding fast electron behavior is crucial for plasma confinement in fusion devices.
  • Previous diagnostics had limitations in resolving fast electron distributions and associated plasma parameters.
  • The Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) requires advanced diagnostics for studying plasma properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and utilize an upgraded X-ray spectroscopy system in the MST.
  • To accurately measure the spatial distribution of fast electrons.
  • To determine key plasma parameters: effective charge (Zeff) and particle diffusion coefficient (D(r)).

Main Methods:

  • Employing a radial array of 12 Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) hard X-ray detectors (10-150 keV).
  • Utilizing a new Silicon (Si) soft X-ray detector (2-10 keV).
  • Digitizing detector pulses and fitting waveforms with Gaussians for high time and energy resolution.
  • Using lead apertures and shielding, along with Beryllium (Be) vacuum windows and filters for optimal signal acquisition.

Main Results:

  • The upgraded system successfully measured Bremsstrahlung spectra from both thermal and fast electrons.
  • The diagnostic provided detailed radial profiles of fast electron distributions.
  • Comparison with Fokker-Planck code (CQL3D) enabled deduction of Zeff and D(r).

Conclusions:

  • The upgraded X-ray spectroscopy diagnostic is effective for characterizing fast electrons in MST.
  • The measurements provide insights into reduced stochasticity and improved plasma confinement.
  • This diagnostic advancement aids in the development of future fusion energy systems.