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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonding...

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2022

Density measurements using coherence imaging spectroscopy based on Stark broadening.

O Lischtschenko¹, K Bystrov, G De Temmerman

¹Association EURATOM-FOM, FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster, P.O. Box 1207, 3430 BE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. lischtschenko@rijnhuizen.nl

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|November 2, 2010

Summary

A new coherence imaging camera visualizes plasma density using the Stark effect on H(γ) lines. Results near the Pilot-PSI cascaded arc source show good agreement with Thomson scattering measurements.

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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Direct Comparison of Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy for Chemical Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2022

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Plasma physics
Optical diagnostics
Spectroscopy

Background:

Pilot-PSI is a facility for plasma-surface interaction studies.
Accurate plasma density measurements are crucial for understanding plasma behavior.
Existing diagnostic methods may have limitations in spatial resolution or applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel coherence imaging camera system for plasma density diagnostics at Pilot-PSI.
To demonstrate the system's capability by measuring electron density profiles.
To validate the technique by comparing results with independent measurements.

Main Methods:

Setup of a coherence imaging camera utilizing the Stark effect broadening of the H(γ) line.
Application of Abel inversion to interferometric fringe contrast data for local density retrieval.
Comparison of inverted electron density profiles with Thomson scattering data.

Main Results:

Successful implementation of the coherence imaging system at Pilot-PSI.
Obtained spatial electron density profiles near the cascaded arc source.
Demonstrated good agreement between coherence imaging results and Thomson scattering measurements at B=0.4 T.

Conclusions:

The coherence imaging camera is a viable tool for plasma density diagnostics.
The Stark effect broadening method combined with Abel inversion provides accurate electron density profiles.
This technique offers a valuable complementary diagnostic for plasma research facilities like Pilot-PSI.