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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

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Erratum: "X-ray diffraction at the National Ignition Facility" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 043902 (2020)].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

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Bragg diffraction using a 100 ps 17.5 keV x-ray backlighter and the Bragg diffraction imager.

B R Maddox1, H-S Park, J Hawreliak

  • 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A novel diagnostic successfully measured Bragg diffraction from laser-compressed crystals using high-energy X-rays. This advancement enables detailed analysis of crystal structures under extreme conditions.

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • High-Energy Physics
  • X-ray Diffraction

Background:

  • Characterizing materials under extreme conditions is crucial for understanding fundamental physics and developing new technologies.
  • Laser-driven compression offers a unique pathway to achieve these extreme states in materials.
  • Accurate measurement of structural changes during compression is essential for validating theoretical models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a new diagnostic tool for measuring Bragg diffraction of high-energy X-rays from laser-compressed single crystals.
  • To assess the performance of the diagnostic system using static crystal samples.
  • To prepare for future applications in dynamic material studies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a specialized Bragg diffraction imager with a shielded enclosure and beam block.
  • Utilizing a 17.5 keV Molybdenum Kα backlighter for X-ray generation.
  • Employing Fuji image plates as X-ray detectors.
  • Testing the imager on static Molybdenum (Mo) and Tantalum (Ta) single crystals with (111) orientation.

Main Results:

  • Successful measurement of Bragg diffraction from Mo and Ta (222) crystal planes.
  • Achieved high signal-to-noise ratio in the detected diffraction patterns.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of the diagnostic for X-ray diffraction analysis of compressed crystals.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Bragg diffraction diagnostic is effective for analyzing crystal structures under high-energy X-ray irradiation.
  • The technique provides clear, high-quality diffraction data from laser-compressed materials.
  • This diagnostic will be instrumental in future studies of shock- and quasi-isentropically loaded single crystals.