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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...
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Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
08:23

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

Published on: September 30, 2019

Note: A robust low-cost high-sensitivity subangstrom bidirectional displacement sensor.

P R Armitage1, C D Wright

  • 1Theta Technologies Ltd., The Innovation Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RN, England.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a low-cost displacement sensor with sub-angstrom resolution. It measures movement by tracking changes in electrical current, offering high precision for various scientific applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Instrumentation
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Accurate displacement measurement is crucial in scientific research.
  • Existing sensors may be costly, complex, or lack sufficient resolution.
  • A need exists for a simple, robust, and low-cost displacement sensor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and describe a novel bidirectional displacement sensor.
  • To achieve sub-angstrom resolution for precise measurements.
  • To demonstrate the sensor's potential for diverse applications.

Main Methods:

  • A gold plate attached to the object and a gold tip establish a reference current.
  • Displacement causes current change; a magnetic actuator repositions the tip to re-establish current.
  • Interferometric calibration determined the sensor's resolution.

Main Results:

  • The sensor achieves sub-angstrom resolution, calibrated to 0.3 Å per system count.
  • The design is simple, robust, and low-cost.
  • Bidirectional measurement capability was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sensor offers a highly precise and cost-effective solution for displacement measurement.
  • Its capabilities open doors for applications in microbarometry, motion detection, and gravitational measurements.
  • This technology has the potential to advance fields requiring ultra-precise sensing.