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Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

Published on: December 28, 2010

Increased default mode network connectivity associated with meditation.

Joon Hwan Jang¹, Wi Hoon Jung, Do-Hyung Kang

¹Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Neuroscience Letters

|November 2, 2010

Summary

Meditation practice is linked to the default mode network (DMN). Long-term meditators show stronger DMN functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex during rest, suggesting lasting internalized attention changes.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Mindfulness Research

Background:

The default mode network (DMN) is implicated in self-referential thought and mind-wandering.
Areas of the DMN overlap with brain regions activated during meditation.
Previous research has not examined DMN connectivity in meditation practitioners during resting states.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate functional connectivity within the DMN in long-term meditation practitioners compared to controls.
To test the hypothesis that meditators exhibit heightened DMN functional connectivity, particularly in cortical midline regions.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan 35 meditation practitioners and 33 healthy controls.
Resting-state fMRI data were acquired over 4.68-minute runs.
The posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex served as seed regions for DMN mapping.

Main Results:

Meditation practitioners exhibited significantly greater functional connectivity within the DMN, specifically in the medial prefrontal cortex (coordinates: x=3, y=39, z=-21).
Controls showed lower functional connectivity in these DMN regions compared to the meditation group.
These findings highlight differences in intrinsic brain network organization between meditators and non-meditators.

Conclusions:

Long-term meditation practice is associated with altered functional connectivity within the default mode network.
These neural changes, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex, may reflect enduring adaptations in internalized attention.
The study suggests meditation cultivates lasting effects on brain function related to self-awareness and attention regulation.