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Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

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Left ventricular structure and function in children with and without developmental coordination disorder.

Daniele Chirico¹, Deborah O'Leary, John Cairney

¹Department of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Av, St Catharines, ON, Canada.

Research in Developmental Disabilities

|November 2, 2010

Summary

Children with probable developmental coordination disorder (p-DCD) show altered heart function, including increased cardiac output and stroke volume, alongside higher obesity and lower fitness levels. These findings suggest early obesity-related changes in the heart, potentially leading to left ventricle hypertrophy.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Cardiology
Developmental Pediatrics
Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) face higher risks of cardiovascular disease risk factors like obesity and poor cardio-respiratory fitness.
Limited laboratory data exists on cardiovascular disease risk specifically associated with DCD in children.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate differences in left ventricular structure and function between children with probable DCD (p-DCD) and healthy controls.
To assess cardiovascular disease risk factors in children with p-DCD using laboratory measures.

Main Methods:

126 children (aged 12-13 years) were studied, including 63 with probable DCD (identified via Movement ABC test 2) and 63 matched healthy controls.
Cardiac dimensions were measured using ultrasound echocardiography.
Cardio-respiratory fitness (peak VO2), body composition (BMI, body fat percentage), and blood pressure were assessed.

Main Results:

The p-DCD group exhibited significantly higher stroke volume, cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, and left ventricle diameter.
Children with p-DCD had significantly lower peak VO2 normalized for fat-free mass, and higher systolic blood pressure, BMI, heart rate, and body fat percentage.
Left ventricular mass was not significantly different between groups, but regression analyses showed p-DCD predicted higher stroke volume and cardiac output.

Conclusions:

Children with p-DCD do not show significantly elevated left ventricular mass or impaired systolic function compared to controls.
Elevated diastolic chamber size, stroke volume, and cardiac output in p-DCD suggest obesity-related cardiac changes.
These findings may indicate early stages of left ventricle hypertrophy in children with p-DCD.