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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Th17 cells in inflammation.

Akihiro Kimura1, Tadamitsu Kishimoto

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

International Immunopharmacology
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Naïve T cells differentiate into effector subsets like Th17 cells, crucial in autoimmune diseases. Balancing Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is key for treating inflammatory conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Naïve T cells differentiate into distinct effector subsets, including Th1, Th2, and the recently identified Th17 cells.
  • Th17 cells are implicated as mediators of inflammation in various autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and properties of Th17 cells.
  • To explore the relationship between Th17 cells and autoimmune diseases.
  • To discuss the role of cytokines in Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on T helper cell differentiation.
  • Analysis of the roles of IL-6 and TGF-β in Th17 and Treg cell development.
  • Examination of the balance between Th17 and Treg cells in autoimmunity.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Main Results:

  • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) are critical for generating Th17 cells from naïve T cells.
  • IL-6 antagonizes TGF-β-induced Treg cell development.
  • Dysregulation of the Th17/Treg balance is linked to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Th17 cells are key players in inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
  • Modulating the balance between Th17 and Treg cells offers a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.