Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion. The...

Catalysis

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Loss of miR-204 Drives NPTX1-Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Degeneration in Alzheimer's Disease.

Cellular and molecular neurobiology·2026

Same author

A novel glutathione S-transferase Gtt2 class from the marine toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum and its roles in algicide exposures.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026

Same author

Development of a Sandwich-Type <i>sxtA4</i> Electrochemical Biosensor for Proactive Environmental Monitoring of STX-Producing Microalgae.

Biosensors·2026

Same author

Fabrication of electrochemical biosensor with a CD36 aptamer and AuMoS<sub>2</sub> heterolayer for tumor-derived exosome detection.

Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same author

Novel Respiratory Disease Diagnosis Tool: Development of an Au-ReS<sub>2</sub>-Functionalized Extended-gate Field-Effect Transistor-Type Aptasensor for Simultaneous Detection of Granzyme B and Perforin.

Small science·2026

Same author

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Forearm in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1.

Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)·2025

Same journal

The Hedgehog Pathway Effector Smoothened Exhibits Signaling Competency in the Absence of Ciliary Accumulation.

Chemistry & biology·2017

Same journal

DIVERSE System: De Novo Creation of Peptide Tags for Non-enzymatic Covalent Labeling by In Vitro Evolution for Protein Imaging Inside Living Cells.

Chemistry & biology·2015

Same journal

Differential Regulation of Specific Sphingolipids in Colon Cancer Cells during Staurosporine-Induced Apoptosis.

Chemistry & biology·2015

Same journal

Synthetic Peptides as cGMP-Independent Activators of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Iα.

Chemistry & biology·2015

Same journal

Unraveling the B. pseudomallei Heptokinase WcbL: From Structure to Drug Discovery.

Chemistry & biology·2015

Same journal

Vitamin C as Cancer Destroyer, Investigating Sulfhydration, and the Variability in CFTR Interactome.

Chemistry & biology·2015

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

Published on: August 31, 2018

Using surrogates to bypass missing catalytic components.

Hyunjun Park¹, Michael G Thomas

¹Department of Bacteriology and Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Chemistry & Biology

|November 2, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied bryostatin assembly in bacteria. They used surrogate components to overcome limited genetic data, enabling new insights into this medically promising natural product.

More Related Videos

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

Published on: August 31, 2018

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Area of Science:

Natural product biosynthesis
Bacterial symbiosis
Chemical biology

Background:

Bryostatin is a natural product with significant therapeutic potential.
Understanding its biosynthesis in symbiotic bacteria is crucial but challenging due to limited genetic data.
Previous studies faced hurdles in elucidating the assembly pathway.

Discussion:

Buchholz et al. (2010) employed surrogate strategies to bypass missing genetic information.
This approach allowed for the investigation of bryostatin assembly despite data limitations.
The study provides a novel method for studying complex natural product pathways.

Key Insights:

Successfully utilized surrogate components to enable the study of bryostatin biosynthesis.
Demonstrated a viable workaround for investigating pathways with incomplete genetic resources.
Advanced the understanding of how symbiotic bacteria produce medically important compounds.

Outlook:

This methodology can be applied to other natural product biosynthetic pathways.
Further research can build upon these findings to fully elucidate bryostatin assembly.
Potential for developing new strategies for the synthetic biology of natural products.