Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A new anti-outer plexiform layer antibody in autoimmune retinopathy?

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2025

Same author

History and novelties in autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.

Revue neurologique·2024

Same author

Mechanisms of immune tolerance breakdown in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.

Revue neurologique·2024

Same author

Autonomic nervous system involvement in autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.

Revue neurologique·2023

Same author

A novel peptide derived from vascular endothelial growth factor prevents amyloid beta aggregation and toxicity.

Aging cell·2023

Same author

Foreword.

Revue neurologique·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

[Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes].

A Didelot¹, J Honnorat

¹Centre de référence de diagnostic et de traitement des syndromes neurologiques paranéoplasiques, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron, France. adrien.didelot@chu-lyon.fr

La Revue De Medecine Interne

|November 2, 2010

Summary

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare neurological disorders linked to cancer, often appearing before the cancer is diagnosed. Early diagnosis and cancer treatment are crucial for better outcomes, with specific immunotherapies showing promise.

More Related Videos

Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

Published on: May 17, 2024

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

Published on: November 9, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

Published on: May 17, 2024

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

Published on: November 9, 2017

Area of Science:

Neurology
Oncology
Immunology

Context:

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are uncommon neurological disorders associated with an underlying, often clinically occult, neoplasia.
These syndromes can precede cancer diagnosis, making early identification critical for patient prognosis.

Purpose:

To review the characteristics of well-defined PNS and the diagnostic significance of onconeuronal antibodies (ONA).
To discuss the treatment strategies for PNS, emphasizing the role of addressing the underlying neoplasia and considering immunomodulatory therapies.

Summary:

PNS encompass conditions like cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and myasthenic syndromes, necessitating ONA detection.
Treatment primarily involves managing the neoplasia, but ONA subtype guides immunotherapy efficacy.
PNS associated with membrane-targeting ONA respond better to immunomodulators than those with intracellular-targeting ONA.

Impact:

Highlights the importance of early PNS diagnosis for improved neurological and oncological outcomes.
Underscores the evolving role of targeted immunotherapies based on ONA profiles in managing PNS.
Provides insights into predicting treatment response based on antibody targets in PNS.