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Related Concept Videos

The Scientific Method02:40

The Scientific Method

Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
Techniques of therapeutic communication I: Active Listening, Sharing Observations, Validation, and Using Touch01:15

Techniques of therapeutic communication I: Active Listening, Sharing Observations, Validation, and Using Touch

The history of therapeutic communication can be traced back to Florence Nightingale, who emphasized the importance of developing trusting relationships with patients. She taught that the presence of nurses with patients results in therapeutic healing.
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Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing01:23

Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Focusing involves centering a conversation on a message's critical elements or concepts. Focusing is valuable if the talk is vague or patients begin to repeat themselves. Sometimes, when patients are asked about their symptoms, they may go off-topic and try to tell their entire life story. Respectfully, the nurse should bring the conversation back into focus.
This therapeutic technique can also be used when a patient brings up pertinent information during a health-related conversation. The...
Ethical Dilemmas II01:30

Ethical Dilemmas II

Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Invited commentary: pushing the mediation envelope.

Thomas Ten Have1

  • 1Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, Room 607, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ttenhave@upenn.edu

American Journal of Epidemiology
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This commentary clarifies causal mediation analysis by linking natural direct effects to direct standardization. It emphasizes temporal sequencing and addresses the absence of collapsibility in logistic models, advocating for log-linear models in mediation and confounding assessment.

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Examining Gesture Production in the Presence of Communication Challenges
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Examining Gesture Production in the Presence of Communication Challenges

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Examining Gesture Production in the Presence of Communication Challenges
07:18

Examining Gesture Production in the Presence of Communication Challenges

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics
  • Causal Inference

Background:

  • Causal mediation analysis is crucial in epidemiology.
  • Methodologists and practitioners often have differing approaches.
  • VanderWeele and Vansteelandt's paper bridges this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To further bridge the gap between causal inference methodologists and epidemiological practitioners.
  • To connect natural direct effects with direct standardization.
  • To highlight the role of temporal sequencing in mediation.

Main Methods:

  • Relating "natural direct effects" to direct standardization.
  • Discussing the importance of temporal sequencing in mediation.
  • Addressing the "absence of collapsibility" in logistic models.

Main Results:

  • The absence of collapsibility in logistic models necessitates alternative approaches like log-linear models.
  • Temporal sequencing is vital for substantiating mediation relationships.
  • The commentary provides a framework for understanding mediation and confounding.

Conclusions:

  • Log-linear models are beneficial for mediation analysis due to the absence of collapsibility.
  • Understanding temporal sequencing strengthens causal mediation claims.
  • Further considerations for interaction testing before mediation assessment are proposed.