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Ultrasensitive Detection of Biomarkers by Using a Molecular Imprinting Based Capacitive Biosensor

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Published on: February 16, 2018

Ultrasensitive detection and characterization of biomolecules using superchiral fields.

E Hendry¹, T Carpy, J Johnston

¹School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.

Nature Nanotechnology

|November 2, 2010

Summary

Superchiral electromagnetic fields offer a highly sensitive method for probing biomolecular structure. This technique enhances detection sensitivity for chiral supramolecular structures, enabling picogram-level characterization.

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Area of Science:

Plasmonics
Chiral metamaterials
Spectroscopic analysis of biomolecules

Background:

Spectroscopic analysis of large biomolecules is crucial for biomedical diagnostics and pathogen detection.
Current spectroscopic techniques lack sensitivity for probing biomolecular structure.
Existing methods can detect molecules at nanogram levels but struggle with structural analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly sensitive method for probing chiral supramolecular structure.
To investigate the use of superchiral electromagnetic fields for enhanced biomolecular analysis.
To improve the sensitivity of spectroscopic techniques for structural characterization.

Main Methods:

Generation of superchiral electromagnetic fields via optical excitation of plasmonic planar chiral metamaterials.
Measurement of differences in effective refractive indices for chiral samples exposed to left- and right-handed superchiral fields.
Comparison of sensitivity with traditional optical polarimetry measurements.

Main Results:

Superchiral fields are highly sensitive probes of chiral supramolecular structure.
Differences in refractive indices were up to 10^6 times greater than in optical polarimetry.
Picogram quantities of adsorbed molecules could be characterized.
Biomolecules with chiral planar sheets, like proteins with high beta-sheet content, showed the largest differences.

Conclusions:

Superchiral electromagnetic fields provide a significant advancement in sensitive biomolecular structure analysis.
This approach could form the basis for new assaying technologies.
Potential applications include detecting amyloid diseases and certain viruses.