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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading01:15

Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading

Understanding beam deflection, particularly for indeterminate beams with overhanging segments and multiple concentrated loads, is crucial for ensuring structural integrity and functionality. The process begins with constructing an accurate free-body diagram, which helps identify the forces and moments acting on the beam. This diagram is vital for visualizing how bending moments vary along the beam's length, influencing its curvature.
The insights from the bending moment diagram extend to...
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...

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Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization
10:28

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Published on: July 5, 2016

Modeling technique for the Hubble Space Telescope wave-front deformation.

M Sasïse, K Rousselet, E Lazarides

    Applied Optics
    |November 2, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hubble Space Telescope images had spherical aberration due to mirror errors. A new modeling method accurately predicts the telescope's point-spread function (PSF), matching real-world observations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Astrophysics
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images were affected by spherical aberration caused by a primary mirror conic-constant error.
    • The corrective optics space telescope axial replacement (COSTAR) program aimed to address these optical issues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the discrepancy between experimental and software-calculated point-spread functions (PSF) for the HST.
    • To propose a novel modeling method for accurate PSF prediction.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of simulators to generate PSF for the telescope alone and with the faint-object camera.
    • Comparison of experimental PSF data with results from standard optical software.
    • Proposal of a modeling approach based on wave-front error determination at the exit-pupil level.

    Main Results:

    • Experimental PSF measurements were found to be identical to in-orbit data.
    • Commonly used optical software failed to accurately replicate the observed PSF.
    • The proposed wave-front error modeling method yielded results consistent with actual observations.

    Conclusions:

    • Standard optical software is insufficient for accurately modeling the HST's optical aberrations.
    • A new modeling method focusing on exit-pupil wave-front error provides accurate PSF predictions.
    • This advancement improves the understanding and correction of optical errors in space telescopes.