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Related Experiment Video

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The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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Inferential methods for comparing a single case with a control sample: modified t-tests versus mycroft et al.'s

John R Crawford¹, Paul H Garthwaite, David C Howell

¹University of Aberdeen, UK.

Cognitive Neuropsychology

|November 2, 2010

Summary

This study critiques a proposed modified ANOVA for single-case comparisons, arguing it has questionable assumptions and reduces statistical power. The original Crawford and Howell method remains valid for comparing patient performance to control samples.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Psychology
Statistics

Background:

Existing inferential methods for single-case vs. control sample comparisons have been criticized.
Mycroft, Mitchell, and Kay (2002) proposed a modified ANOVA for such comparisons.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the validity and implications of the modified ANOVA proposed by Mycroft et al.
To defend the inferential method developed by Crawford and Howell (1998).

Main Methods:

Critically analyze the assumptions underlying the modified ANOVA.
Compare the null hypotheses of both the Mycroft et al. and Crawford & Howell methods.
Examine the statistical consequences of employing the modified ANOVA.

Main Results:

The assumptions of the modified ANOVA are questionable and do not invalidate the Crawford & Howell method.
The modified ANOVA requires specific, potentially unrealistic, conditions regarding population variances and performance distributions.
The modified ANOVA unnecessarily reduces statistical power and demands hypothetical variance estimates.

Conclusions:

The modified ANOVA proposed by Mycroft et al. is statistically flawed and less powerful than existing methods.
The Crawford & Howell method provides a valid approach for single-case comparisons with control samples.
Researchers should exercise caution when considering the modified ANOVA for clinical or experimental data analysis.