Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.
Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview01:10

Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview

Silica gel column chromatography is a technique for separating compounds using a column packed with silica gel as the stationary phase. This method relies on differences in the polarity of compounds. Based on their polarities, compounds move between the stationary phase (silica gel) and the mobile phase (the solvent), forming discrete bands in the column.
Polar components tend to bind strongly to the silica gel, causing them to move slowly through the column. In contrast, nonpolar compounds...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview01:21

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficient magnetic sorbent for extracting bisphenol A from aqueous samples.

RSC advances·2025
Same author

Evaluating the Effect of Resorcin[4]Arenes Conformational Structures on the Remediation of Methylene Blue in Water.

ACS omega·2025
Same author

Silane modified nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots as a high-efficiency hybrid sorbent for NSAIDs.

RSC advances·2025
Same author

Enhanced thermomechanical properties of epoxy-multiwalled CNT nano-composites.

RSC advances·2024
Same author

Recoverable and reusable light-induced multi-arm azobenzenes-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> hybrid sorbent for enrichment of phthalate plasticizer and utilized as a SALDI substrate for the detection of 2-naphthol.

Journal of chromatography. A·2024
Same author

Synthesis and characterization of aramid composites reinforced with silanized graphene platelets.

RSC advances·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
10:09

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Published on: March 15, 2017

Sol-gel microextraction phases for sample preconcentration in chromatographic analysis.

Scott S Segro1, Minh Phuong Tran, Sheshanka Kesani

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250, USA.

Journal of Separation Science
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Sol-gel technology offers robust solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coatings for enhanced GC and HPLC analysis. These advanced coatings improve thermal stability and solvent resistance, expanding analytical capabilities.

More Related Videos

A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants
07:26

A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants

Published on: January 1, 2016

Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils
10:03

Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils

Published on: August 26, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
10:09

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Published on: March 15, 2017

A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants
07:26

A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants

Published on: January 1, 2016

Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils
10:03

Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils

Published on: August 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Sol-gel technology enables the creation of durable organic-inorganic hybrid coatings for solid-phase microextraction (SPME).
  • These coatings exhibit superior thermal stability and solvent resistance, crucial for coupling with gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review sol-gel microextraction coatings, focusing on their synthesis, characterization, and applications.
  • To discuss the development and advantages of sol-gel-coated stir bars.
  • To extensively review sol-gel capillary microextraction (CME) and monolithic beds for GC and HPLC hyphenation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on sol-gel coating synthesis and characterization.
  • Analysis of applications in GC and HPLC hyphenated techniques.
  • Examination of sol-gel stir bars and capillary microextraction (CME) systems.

Main Results:

  • Sol-gel coatings offer enhanced thermal and solvent stability for SPME.
  • Sol-gel stir bars provide advantages in extraction efficiency.
  • Emerging germania- and titania-based phases show promise for pH and hot solvent stability.
  • Sol-gel monolithic beds significantly improve CME extracting capabilities and sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Sol-gel technology is a versatile and reliable method for preparing advanced SPME coatings.
  • Sol-gel-based materials, including stir bars and monolithic beds, offer significant improvements for microextraction techniques.
  • These advancements enhance the performance and applicability of GC and HPLC analyses.