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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

Muscles of the Abdomen

The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and anterior...
Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division

The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation
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The septum subcutaneum parotideomassetericum.

Ulrike Pilsl1, Friedrich Anderhuber

  • 1Institute of Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. ulrike.pilsl@medunigraz.at

Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [Et Al.]
|November 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A distinct connective tissue septum was identified between the lateral-temporal and middle cheek fat compartments. This anatomical finding clarifies facial structure relevant to aging and surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Facial Anatomy

Background:

  • Facial fat tissue is compartmentalized, influencing facial shape, aging, and surgical approaches.
  • Understanding the boundaries of these compartments is crucial for aesthetic and reconstructive procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical delineation between the lateral-temporal and middle cheek fat compartments.
  • To identify and characterize the structure forming the border between these facial fat compartments.

Main Methods:

  • Gross dissection of 40 human cadaver heads.
  • Macroscopic and histological examination of facial tissues.
  • Subcutaneous injection of gelatin into 35 cadaver heads to delineate tissue planes.

Main Results:

  • A consistent sheet of connective tissue was observed between the lateral-temporal and middle cheek fat compartments.
  • This newly identified structure is termed the septum subcutaneum parotideomassetericum.
  • Histological analysis confirmed the presence and nature of this septal structure.

Conclusions:

  • A distinct anatomical septum, the septum subcutaneum parotideomassetericum, exists between the lateral-temporal and middle cheek fat compartments.
  • This finding provides a precise anatomical landmark for understanding facial structure and guiding surgical interventions.
  • The identified septum plays a role in defining facial contours and may be relevant in the study of facial aging.