Nanoanalysis of graphene layers using scanning probe techniques

Graphene is an almost ideal two-dimensional system. Unlike other two-dimensional electron gas systems realized in silicon or gallium arsenide, the electron wave functions are very close to the surrounding environment. While this causes problems in trying to passivate the surface without reducing the mobility, it does allow direct electrical access to the two-dimensional surface states using scanning probe techniques. In this review, we look at recent advances in the nanoanalytics of the surface and edges of graphene using scanning probe techniques.