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Children hospitalized with 2009 novel influenza A(H1N1) in California

Janice K Louie1, Shilpa Gavali, Meileen Acosta

  • 1California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy., Richmond, CA 94804, USA. janice.louie@cdph.ca.gov

Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
|November 3, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Novel influenza A(H1N1) caused severe illness in children, with nearly 30% requiring intensive care or dying. Prompt treatment is crucial for infants and children with comorbidities during outbreaks.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • The 2009 novel influenza A(H1N1) pandemic posed a significant threat to global health.
  • Children, particularly those with underlying conditions, are vulnerable to severe influenza outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical and epidemiological features of 2009 novel influenza A(H1N1) in hospitalized children.
  • To identify risk factors associated with severe outcomes in pediatric cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from standardized report forms and medical records.
  • Statewide public health surveillance in California for laboratory-confirmed 2009 novel influenza A(H1N1) cases in children.
  • Inclusion of 345 pediatric patients hospitalized or deceased due to the virus.

Main Results:

  • Hospitalization rates were highest in infants under 6 months. Two-thirds of cases had comorbidities, and 59% developed pneumonia.
  • 27% of children required intensive care, and 3% died; secondary bacterial infections were noted in fatal cases.
  • Congenital heart disease and cerebral palsy were linked to increased ICU admission/death risk; Hispanic and Black children had lower risks compared to White children.

Conclusions:

  • Over a quarter of hospitalized children with 2009 novel influenza A(H1N1) experienced severe outcomes (ICU admission or death).
  • Clinicians should maintain high suspicion for influenza in children with febrile respiratory illness, especially infants and those with risk factors.
  • Prompt antiviral treatment is recommended for at-risk children during influenza A(H1N1) circulation.
Abstract

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