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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

31.6K
The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
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Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
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Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Activity-based Training on a Treadmill with Spinal Cord Injured Wistar Rats
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Activity-based Training on a Treadmill with Spinal Cord Injured Wistar Rats

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Spinal orthoses.

Steven S Agabegi1, Ferhan A Asghar, Harry N Herkowitz

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|November 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal orthoses, or braces, support various spinal regions but lack strong evidence for many conditions. Their most proven use is in managing traumatic spine injuries, with recent guidelines aiding device selection.

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Spinal Cord Electrophysiology
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Spinal Cord Electrophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • External spinal orthoses are widely used for diverse spinal disorders.
  • A variety of braces exist for cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and junctional spine support.
  • The market includes prefabricated and custom devices from numerous manufacturers in an unregulated field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the efficacy of spinal orthoses.
  • To identify the most validated applications for spinal bracing.
  • To provide guidance for selecting appropriate spinal orthotic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies evaluating spinal orthosis efficacy.
  • Analysis of evidence for different spinal regions and conditions.
  • Examination of shortcomings in existing research and recent guideline development.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supporting the efficacy of spinal orthoses is limited for many conditions.
  • Traumatic spine injury management shows the most compelling indication for orthotic use.
  • Many existing studies evaluate outdated orthotic devices, limiting current applicability.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal orthoses are utilized broadly, but robust efficacy data is often lacking.
  • Traumatic spinal injuries represent the strongest evidence-based indication for orthotic intervention.
  • Recent data and guidelines can assist clinicians in choosing the most suitable spinal brace.