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Isolation and Differentiation of Primary White and Brown Preadipocytes from Newborn Mice
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Local anesthetics have a major impact on viability of preadipocytes and their differentiation into adipocytes

Maike Keck1, Maximilian Zeyda, Karina Gollinger

  • 1Vienna, Austria From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and the Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|November 3, 2010
PubMed
Abstract

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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

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