Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 7, 2026
Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion
Published on: February 5, 2020
Comparing handrim biomechanics for treadmill and overground wheelchair propulsion
A M Kwarciak1, J T Turner, L Guo
1Biomechanics Laboratory, MAX Mobility, LLC, Antioch, TN 37013, USA. andrew@max-mobility.com
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Objectives:
To compare handrim biomechanics recorded during overground propulsion with those recorded during propulsion on a motor-driven treadmill.
Setting:
Biomechanics laboratory.
Methods:
In all, 28 manual wheelchair users propelled their own wheelchairs, at a self-selected speed, on a low-pile carpet and on a wheelchair accessible treadmill. Handrim biomechanics were recorded with an OptiPush instrumented wheelchair wheel.
Results:
Across the two conditions, all handrim biomechanics were found to be similar and highly correlated (r>0.85). Contact angle, peak force, average force and peak axle moment differed by 1.6% or less across the two conditions. Although not significant, power output and cadence tended to be slightly higher for the treadmill condition (3.5 and 3.6%, respectively), owing to limitations in adjusting the treadmill grade.
Conclusion:
Based on the results of this study, a motor-driven treadmill can serve as a valid surrogate for overground studies of wheelchair propulsion.
